melungeons.com home

melungeons.com home: "Melungeon' is a term whose origin is still debatable to this very day. No one knows with certainty where and how the term came about, and perhaps we never will. At the present, modern science is trying to unlock the DNA of people who claim to have inherited the Melungeon culture from their mixed ancestry.

The photo on the right is of Newmans Ridge, Tennessee nearby the town of Sneedville. This area is just one of many places where Melungeons still exist to this very day. Melungeons have lived and died in these majestic mountains ridges for centuries. You can find hundreds of old family cemeteries scattered throughout the isolated Appalachian Mountain peaks and valleys. Each cemetery is filled with clues that reveal a community. Each grave holds a unique story of a life that once existed at some moment in time. We can learn a lot from these aged family cemeteries. Time and weather has taken a toll on the oldest headstones, each years hundreds of inscriptions are no longer legible.

Sneedville is the county seat of Hancock County. The tucked away town has an elevation of 1169 feet and an estimated population, in 2003, of 1,328. Hancock County was formed in 1844 from Hawkins and Claiborne Counties. Unfortunately, the older records documenting the area's history was lost to a fire. Recently efforts to save historical documents were taken to task by local historians and genealogists. Volunteer archivists on treasure hunt through Hawkins County Courthouse. "

BBC News | Americas | Lost people of Appalachia

BBC News | Americas | Lost people of Appalachia: "In the segregated South, local bureaucrats described Melungeons as mongrels and half -breeds, and they were classified black and denied education or the right to vote.

Connie Clark from Wise, Virginia, told me how her Grandmother had hidden her when the census man came by in the 1960s, so that he couldn't record her identity as black.

Others moved away in the hope of escaping the racism of the South. Those who stayed kept to themselves.

Brighter future

Climbing the steep tracks up Newman's Ridge, home to many Melungeons, the poverty is still obvious.
Hancock County is the sixth poorest in America. Many people still live in flimsy wooden houses scratching an income from tobacco, or occasionally as one man told me, Marijuana plants, half a dozen of which are worth about an acre of the legal weed. "

goins_y_results

goins_y_results: "Goins Y DNA RESULTS"

Malugen

Malugen: "Malugen
Posted by: Martha Smith (ID *****0593)Date: January 29, 2006 at 09:14:14
of 16881


Has anyone ever heard of the surname Malugen (& var. sp.)
associated with the Melungeon heritage, or is it not really considered to be connected in any way?

If you have some knowledge on this subject, thanks for any input &/or info."

THE AFRICAN ORIGIN OF THE MELUNGEONS

THE AFRICAN ORIGIN OF THE MELUNGEONS: "The very first black ancestors of Melungeons appeared, not in the 18th century, but as early as 1619 in the tidewater colonies. By the time they joined with the first settlers in Tennessee, the Melungeon community was already more than a hundred years old.

Secondly, not one Melungeon family can be traced to a white plantation owner and his black female slave.

For purposes of determining the origin of the name 'Melungeon', this bears repeating.

Melungeons are not the offspring of white plantation owners and helpless black females slaves. Most of the African ancestors of Melungeons were never slaves. They were former black servants freed from indentured servitude just like white servants, usually before 1720. Other African ancestors of the Melungeons either purchased their freedom from slavery or were freed upon the deaths of their white owners. But the great majority of the black ancestors of Melugia were free by 1720. Most often, they married white women in Virginia and other southern colonies. Understanding the status of the African ancestors of Melungeons is critical to understanding their history. "

Melungeons, history, genealogy, research, articles

Melungeons, history, genealogy, research, articles: "Brent Kennedy been moved from the intensive care unit, and is now in a private rehab facility. His wife Robyn reports that his condition continues to improve, and wishes to thank everyone for their support and prayers during this difficult time.

Brent suffered a relatively mild stroke on December 13, but was released from the hospital on December 16. He suffered a brain hemorrhage the following day.

Brent Kennedy is the author of The Melungeons: The Resurrection of a Proud People. He is the founder of the Melungeon Research Committee and one of the founding members of the Melungeon Heritage Association.

For obvious reasons, visitation is still restricted to Brent's immediate family, but you can send cards and letters to Brent in care of MHA, and we will forward them to Brent and his family on a regular basis. Please send cards and letters to:

Brent Kennedy
c/o MHA
P. O. Box 4042
Wise, VA 24293"

Melungeons, history, genealogy, research, articles

Melungeons, history, genealogy, research, articles: "Brent Kennedy been moved from the intensive care unit, and is now in a private rehab facility. His wife Robyn reports that his condition continues to improve, and wishes to thank everyone for their support and prayers during this difficult time.

Brent suffered a relatively mild stroke on December 13, but was released from the hospital on December 16. He suffered a brain hemorrhage the following day.

Brent Kennedy is the author of The Melungeons: The Resurrection of a Proud People. He is the founder of the Melungeon Research Committee and one of the founding members of the Melungeon Heritage Association.

For obvious reasons, visitation is still restricted to Brent's immediate family, but you can send cards and letters to Brent in care of MHA, and we will forward them to Brent and his family on a regular basis. Please send cards and letters to:

Brent Kennedy
c/o MHA
P. O. Box 4042
Wise, VA 24293"

Melungeons, history, genealogy, research, articles

Melungeons, history, genealogy, research, articles: "Recording Melungeon History

MHA's Wayne Winkler has been making audio recordings of MHA presentations since 2000. Inside, he describes the challenges of field recording in various locations, and the vast audio history MHA has collected, much of which is available to the public. "

Melungeons, history, genealogy, research, articles

Melungeons, history, genealogy, research, articles: "'Windows on the Past' Exhibit at East Tennessee Historical Society

The Vardy School and Mission

'Windows on the Past: The Cultural Heritage of Vardy, Hancock County, Tennessee,' will be on display at the East Tennessee Historical Society in Knoxville between February 13 and March 19. The exhibit features photographs of Melungeon daily life during the early to middle twentieth century. The Presbyterian mission school at Vardy played an important role in easing the social exclusion of the Melungeons by emphasizing the importance of spiritual and community pride.

DruAnna Overbay, the exhibit's creator, is the current secretary of the Vardy Community Historical Society, a group formed to restore Vardy landmarks and preserve the community pride. Ms. Overbay is a direct descendant of Vardeman Collins, who is recognized as a patriarch of the Newman's Ridge Melungeons and for whom Vardy is named.

The East Tennessee Historical Society is at 601 S. Gay Street, Knoxville, TN 37901-1629. The phone number is 865-215-8824, and their website is eths@east-tennessee-history.org "

RootsWeb: Melungeon-L Re: [Melungeon] Allegheny

RootsWeb: Melungeon-L Re: [Melungeon] Allegheny: "From: Brent Kennedy
Subject: Re: [Melungeon] Allegheny
Date: Mon, 12 Dec 2005 10:41:52 -0800 (PST)
In-Reply-To: <000901c5ff23$93f878c0$3a261c3f@pavilion>

Dennis and Curtis and Helen, et al,

While I certainly believe some early Ottoman immigrants could have and likely did impart words to the Native American tribes with whom they intermarried (as all cultures do when they admix), most similarities would be better explained by what Turkish anthropologists have espoused for decades: that some Native American peoples share a common heritage with early central Asians (i.e., ?Turkic? peoples). Physical phenotypes, DNA studies, and cultural similarities all point strongly in this direction, so at least some language similarities shouldn?t be surprising. Native Americans were still Native Americans, regardless of the fact that most originated in central and/or east Asia (or possibly, as some Turkish scholars believe, that at least some Turks are descended from early Native Americans who crossed the Bering Strait in a WESTWARD direction).

Also, any Turkish or south Asian infusion (and remember, 16th and 17th century ?Turks? included not only central Asian Turks, but Armenians, Greeks, Jews, Bosnians, Arabs, south Asians, etc. ? ALL under the rubric of ?Turks?) would not negate any earlier African or Angolan presence. Indeed, it would have been these darker ?Turks?, along with Native Americans, that would have been most likely to intermarry with their fellow disparaged human beings from Africa. There?s no need to erase their lives in order to preserve the memory of their African brothers and sisters. I do agree with this often made point, however: "

Turban

Pow Wow September 2005

The Avalon Project : The Barbary Treaties 1786-1816 - Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Signed at Tripoli November 4, 1796

The Avalon Project : The Barbary Treaties 1786-1816 - Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Signed at Tripoli November 4, 1796: "Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Signed at Tripoli November 4, 1796

Art 1Art 2Art 3Art 4Art 5Art 6
Art 7Art 8Art 9Art 10Art 11Art 12

Treaty of Peace and Friendship, signed at Tripoli November 4, 1796 (3 Ramada I, A. H. 1211), and at Algiers January 3, 1797 (4 Rajab, A. H. 1211). Original in Arabic. Submitted to the Senate May 29, 1797. (Message of May 26, 1797.) Resolution of advice and consent June 7, 1797. Ratified by the United States June 10, 1797. As to the ratification generally, see the notes. Proclaimed Jane 10, 1797.

The following fourteen pages of Arabic are a reproduction of the text in the original treaty book, first the pages of the treaty in left-to-right order of pagination, and then the ' receipt ' and the ' note ' mentioned, according to the Barlow translation, in Article 10. Following the Arabic and in the same order, is the translation of Joel Barlow as written in the treaty book-the twelve articles of the treaty, the 'receipt,' and the 'note'; and after these is the approval of David Humphreys from the same document, which is fully described in the notes. Following those texts is the annotated translation of 1930.

[Translation]

Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary."

Disease May Have Caused Lincoln's Gait - Yahoo! News

Disease May Have Caused Lincoln's Gait - Yahoo! News: "'Because the historical literature talks about his clumsy gait ... it raises the possibility that that was caused by a mutation in this gene,' Ranum said.

But since Lincoln has no living direct descendants, confirming whether the nation's 16th president had the defective gene would require that his DNA be taken from historical artifacts and tested � an issue that has been debated over the years.

'What historical purpose would it serve? It (wouldn't) change the facts of how he became a great president,' said Kim Bauer, Lincoln curator at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum in Springfield, Ill. 'I would fall on the side of leaving President Lincoln alone.'
The new findings on the ataxia gene were reported this week in the online edition of the journal Nature Genetics. Since 1992, the Minnesota researchers have studied more than 300 members of the Lincoln family. About one-third of them have ataxia.

Terry Smith and Laurie Crary � both ataxia sufferers and descendants of Abraham Lincoln's uncle Josiah Lincoln � said they would like to know if the president had their disease.

'If a president had it, and he was disabled but still running the country, maybe people would lighten up on disabled people a little bit,' said Smith, 57, of Manteca, Calif., who said he was once arrested for drunken driving because of the disease's symptoms.

Crary, 50, of Prescott, Ariz., said she has vertigo and had to have reconstructive surgery on her shoulder after losing her coordination and falling. If Lincoln had ataxia, that could offer hope for others suffering from it. About 150,000 Americans have the degenerative disease.

'Look what he achieved, even if he had this defective gene,' Crary said.
In the 1990s, a genetici"

DNA Detectives - Mysteries of History - U.S. News Online

DNA Detectives - Mysteries of History - U.S. News Online: "Haven't got a clue? Maybe DNA will do
Regular folks and history buffs play detective

BY NANCY SHUTE

Brent Kennedy is a man with a past, and he doesn't think it lies in the misty green hills conjured by his Celtic surname. Kennedy believes he's a Melungeon, one of a dark-skinned clan of enigmatic origin that has long been reviled by their Appalachian neighbors. The Wise, Va., college administrator is so intent on finding his roots that he's having his DNA analyzed for clues.

'I grew up learning in school that we're all Scots-Irish,' says black-haired, blue-eyed Kennedy, born and raised in this tiny town perched high in the coal-mining country of Southwest Virginia. He thinks the genes will reveal a different lesson-one of Turks, Portuguese, and Sephardic Jews, who sailed to the New World in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, stayed, and assimilated, and whose history was expunged by the burgeoning Anglo-Saxon majority.

Kennedy's quest is intensely personal. But around the world, the remarkable technology that allows for DNA fingerprinting is being deployed to answer some of history's legendary conundrums. Indeed, DNA analysis has become so sensitive that it's possible to identify an individual from the cellular spoor left on a discarded cocktail napkin.

That level of specificity has made the urge to exhume the past so overwhelming it seems no corpse can rest in peace. In 1995, George Washington University law professor James E. Starrs used DNA to show that the body in a Kearney, Mo., grave could be outlaw Jesse James. It could also be a James family member, so Bud Hardcastle, an amateur historian and used car dealer in Purcell, Okla., got a court order to dig up the Granbury, Texas, grave of J. Frank Dalton, who he thinks is t"

RootsWeb: Melungeon-L Re: [Melungeon] Who were they

RootsWeb: Melungeon-L Re: [Melungeon] Who were they: "SHIPWRECKED PORTUGUESE
Title: Letters to the Secretary of State and others from the Governors, Alexander Spotswood, William Gooch, Robert Dinwiddle and Francis Fauquier, and Presidents Thomas Lee and Lewis Burwell, with enclosures and replies. Depository: Public Record Office / Class: C.O. 5/1344 SR Number: SR 00233 Reel Number: 48 Dates: 1726 - 1783 References: Lists & Indexes, Vol. XXXVI, 29. Andrews Guide 183, List 493. ff. 86-87 Lords of Trade to the Duke of Bedford,

10 Jan 1750/51. Spanish and Portuguese ships driven into ports of Virginia by bad weather. Encloses the four (only adding two) documents listed below: ff. 90-91 Enclosed in the above. Extract of a letter from Thomas Lee to the Board of Trade, **6 Nov. 1750. The Spanish and Portuguese ships driven into Virginia ports have proven irrepairable**. The masters have been given permission to hire other ships to carry their cargoes to Europe.
http://www.gulfcoastplus.com/stephensj/secstate.html
=========
PORTUGUESE INDIANS
The Expedition of Batts and Fallam:
A Journey from Virginia to beyond the Appalachian Mountains, September, 1671.
From Annals of Southwest Virginia, 1769-1800.

September 5th 1671
''The three gentlemen bore a commission from Major-general Wood 'for the finding out tile ebbing and flowing of the Waters on the other side of the Mountains in order to the discovery of the South Sea.'
They struck off due west along a trail that was evidently already familiar, and having five horses made rapid progress. On the fourth day 'they reached the Sapony villages, one of which Lederer had visited the year before. They were 'very joyfully and kindly received with firing of guns and plenty of provis"

CBSNews.com: Blog

CBSNews.com: Blog: "
About Public Eye


Public Eye�s fundamental mission is to bring transparency to the editorial operations of CBS News � transparency that is unprecedented for broadcast and online journalism.

And what, exactly, is transparency? It has several aspects, but most simply it is this: the journalists who make the important editorial decisions at CBS News and CBSNews.com will now be asked to explain and answer questions about those decisions in a public forum.

Public Eye will be run by a team of independent and experienced journalists. They will take questions, criticisms and observations from our vast and articulate audience to the people of CBS News and try to come back with some answers, explanations and analyses. The Public Eye team will also report on CBS News, working sources, talking to the reporters, producers and executives who make the news, not just to the press office.

Public Eye is an opportunity for our audience to hold CBS News more publicly accountable. It is also an opportunity for CBS News to be more open about how and why it makes editorial decisions that affect what millions of people see, hear and read each news day. So Public Eye will be a forum for debate, a conversation about the news between the people who produce it and the people who consume it. We hope the debate will not be a series of pompous discourses on Serious Journalism.

Public Eye is not primarily a forum for the personal opinions of the folks who write Public Eye � so perhaps it is not a classic blog in that sense. Like all human beings, the Eyeballers have opinions and will express them from time to time. They will try to be clear about their personal perspectives and values. The emphasis, however, is dialogue and reporting.

Breaking out of the traditional 'ombudsm"

Fourth Union

Joe Scolnick 2004

Fifth Union 2004

The Melungeons :: An Untold Story of Ethnic cleansing in America :: (by Brent Kennedy) - Media Monitors Network

The Melungeons :: An Untold Story of Ethnic cleansing in America :: (by Brent Kennedy) - Media Monitors Network: "Historical records document that from 1492 through the early 1600's an estimated 500,000 Jews and Muslims were exiled from Spain and Portugal through a religious witch-hunt known as -- the Spanish Inquisition. Hundreds of thousands of Muslim exiles escaped to their ancestral homelands of Morocco, Algeria, Libya and Tunisia. In fact, the well-known Barbary Coast Pirates (that is, Berber Coast Pirates) of North Africa sprang from this group. They, along with their Turkish compatriots, were renowned for their seagoing exploits as they sought revenge against the Spanish and Portuguese in ferocious Mediterranean sea battles.
Of course, they didn't always win: those pirates unfortunate enough to lose at sea often ended up as galley slaves beneath the creaking decks of Spanish and Portuguese ships bound for the New World. Ironically, slaves of the Christians once again.

Other Muslims----Berber in particular---Moriscos they were called made their way to the Canary Islands, India, France and other countries. And interestingly enough wherever these exiled Berbers went, they identified themselves as 'Portuguese,' even if they had originated in Spain. In fact, the term 'Portuguese,' became almost synonymous for both the Muslims and the Jews who had been exiled during the Inquisition.
Finally, as the Inquisitions grew in Power and severity, even Christianized Moors and Jews were forced in exile. these 'Conversos'-----the name given to both Muslim and Jewish coverts----were not trusted by either the Church or the government, and probably with good reason, since most had converted Catholicism only to avoid the death sentence. "

Indians have turkish roots!! - www.ezboard.com

Indians have turkish roots!! - www.ezboard.com: "Indians have turkish roots!!

Hi,
in Turkish history it is a fact, that the North American Indians have Turkish roots.
If you take a look to different mythologies of Indian tribes and compare it with the ancient Turkish culture you will see the same cultural roots. In addition to this a lot of Turks are convinced that the melungeons and the Indians are people of our blood.

So, if the melungeons are part Indian and part Turkish it means that they are in fact Turkish."

RootsWeb: Melungeon-L latest on Brent

RootsWeb: Melungeon-L latest on Brent: "From: 'Winkler, Wayne'
Subject: latest on Brent
Date: Wed, 25 Jan 2006 15:19:25 -0500
Subject: latest on Brent
Date: Wed, 25 Jan 2006 15:19:25 -0500
From: "Winkler, Wayne"
To: Melungeon-L@rootsweb.com, Melungeons@topica.com

I just spoke with Robyn Kennedy this afternoon, and Brent has been moved out of the ICU at Holston Valley Hospital and is now in a private rehab facility. His condition is much improved. He is communicating with his eyes, responding to speech and music, and generally doing much better. As I told Robyn, God has been on our side on this thing so far; I see know reason for him to change his mind now. Robyn wants all of us to know how deeply the family appreciates our thoughts and prayers. Of course, they still wish to restrict visitors to the immediate family for the time being, but if you wish to send a card or e-mail, send it to mhainc2000@yahoo.com or to the MHA address at:

Brent Kennedy
c/o MHA
P. O. Box 4042
Wise, VA 24293

We’ll pass these on to the family at an appropriate time.

Thanks again to all – it’s a slow process, but I feel confident we’re going to have Brent back with us before too long!

Wayne

Othman, founder of Ottoman power (ruled 1289-1326)

Othman, founder of Ottoman power (ruled 1289-1326): "Effective founder of the Ottoman Empire. Othman inherited a tiny mountain kingdom at the death of his father Ertogrul in 1289. At that time, most of modern Turkey was divided into tiny Turkish states, ruled by a patchwork of tribal chiefs and military adventurers. Unlike most, Othman's realm bordered the Byzantine empire, ruled by Andronicus II and Androncus III, neither of whom showed any ability. Othman spent his entire reign conquering their last province in Asia Minor, eventually taking Broussa, the main Byzantine city after a siege that lasted years, leaving only Nicea and Nicomedia in the hands of the Byzantines. Even at the end of his reign, Othman's realm was not amongst the most powerful of the turkish states. However, he was succeeded by a line of very able rulers, who were able to use their position opposite Constantinople to great advantage. He was succeeded by his son Orkhan. "

Melungeons, history, genealogy, research, articles - 2005 Kennedy article

Melungeons, history, genealogy, research, articles - 2005 Kennedy article: "
Richard Kennedy, 1973

In other words, we are approximately 49 % northern European, with the other 51% consisting of a mix of south Asian, Turkish-Greek, Middle Eastern, and sub-Saharan African. A far cry from the 100% northern European argued for by this early critic (and a percentage that may be significantly lower than what might have been found in my late mother. In fact, as follow-up we are having both my and my father�s DNA analyzed as well to see if we can better establish the sources of our various heritages. I plan on releasing those results, as well).

To further appreciate my brother�s results, and for comparative purposes, DNAPrint Genomics (http://www.ancestrybydna.com) provides the following �average results� for northern Europeans:

The �average� northern European is:
82% Northern European
05.5% Greek-Turkish (now termed southeastern European)
01.5% South Asian (India-Pakistan)
11% Middle Eastern

And this is an average for modern Europeans: several centuries back one would expect the more �southerly� ethnic admixtures to be even less significant than they are today, with �northern European� genes having been even more dominant then. Too, many modern northern Europeans, including some examples at the above website, test out in the 90% to 95% Northern European range, with generally no south Asian. In fact, here are results of the same test provided to me in confidence from a Turkish friend (both parents from the Anatolian region) and a British friend (now living in the D.C. area):

Turkish Friend
Northwestern Europe 21%
Turkish-Greek/southeastern European 35%
South Asian 32%
Middle"

RootsWeb: Melungeon-L Re: [Melungeon] DNA Studies

RootsWeb: Melungeon-L Re: [Melungeon] DNA Studies: " National Genealogical Society Quarterly.

Feature Articles:
The Science of Molecular Genealogy
Ugo A. Perego, Ann Turner, M.D., Jane E. Ekins, and Scott R. Woodward, Ph.D

Powerful but Requiring Caution: Genetic Tests of Ancestral Origins
Tony N. Frudakis, Ph.D.

David Meriwether: Descendant of Nicholas(1) Meriweather? A DNA Study
Anita A. Lustenberger, CG

Sorting Relationships among Families with the Same Surname: An Irish-American DNA Study
Donn Devine, CG, CGI

Genetic Genealogy: Issues and Considerations
Thomas H. Shawker, M.D.

Joy"

Kennedy

Kennedy: "Elizabeth Mills, Editor
National Genealogical Quarterly
1732 Ridgedale Drive
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35460

To the Editor:

I am responding to Virginia DeMarce's 'essay-review' of my book, The Melungeons: The Resurrection of a Proud People, as published in the June, 1996 issue of National Genealogical Quarterly. Although DeMarce's 'review' covered an extraordinarily lengthy sixteen pages, I am keeping my response to one-third the space allotted to DeMarce in expectation of its unedited inclusion in your next issue.

First, it is unfortunate that the NGQ is published quarterly, since this enforces a three month delay between DeMarce's attack and any possible response on my part (a fortuitous circumstance for DeMarce - a former President on the National Genealogical Society - whose previously published works strongly conflict with the theories set forth in my book). I can only assume that, with the receipt of my response, that the playing fields will now be equalized and that, in fairness to me, DeMarce will likewise be forced to wait three months before responding via the next issue of NGQ.

Second, Virginia's scathing and personal attack misses the point of the book. It is a book of speculation begging for more inquiry and stating the author's limitations from the onset. As Virginia points out - and I admit early and often in my book - - I am not a professional historian, anthropologist, physician, or genealogist, but a simple human being who, after a debilitating illness, stumbled onto something that I found to be both intriguing and deserving of further research, but being generally ignored - and even ridiculed - by those I considered to be more qualified researchers. My book is an up-front call for help from qualified scholars, with the entire premise of the book being 'Here is something worth examining...I"


The Melungeons: The Resurrection of a Proud People. An Untold Story of Ethnic Cleansing in America

National Mall Liberty Fund

Page created by PaperPort's Microsoft FrontPage Editor Link: "Lena Santos Ferguson's battle over full membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution has ended successfully. At her urging, the DAR will take several unprecedented steps to help black women join the organization and assure that the role of blacks in the American Revolution is further explored and honored. She has said she wants to be a bridge for black women who may wish to become DAR members. Now that the path has been cleared for others, the question seems to be how many will follow.

The universe of potential black DAR applicants is not minute, as implied by the op-ed, Daughters of Revolution and Children of Slavery, which appeared in the Post on May 3, 1984. There may be thousands of potential black DAR members who are legitimate descendants of one of the 5,000 black slaves or free men who bore arms during the American Revolution or one of their white compatriot.

Lena and I share at least two white Revolutionary war ancestors, through her mother, my grandmother, the daughter of a white Maine sea captain and a black Virginia woman. They were married at the turn of the century and together raised my grandmother in the up-side-down life of New York Harbor. Great grandmother and great grandfather had a strong marriage, and together watched their daughter start a large family of her own with my grandfather, a Cape Verdean immigrant.
The first black member of the DAR is a descendant of a 19th century black-white marriage, and there are other examples that have been brought to Lena's and my attention by potential black DAR applicants in recent months. We are also aware of potential DAR applicants who are descendants of black revolutionary war patriots.

Blacks and whites together entered into legal interracial marriages before, during and after the..."

CNN.com - Breaking News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News

CNN.com - Breaking News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News: "Supreme Court nominee Samuel Alito received approval from a Senate panel today, setting up a potentially divisive floor fight later in the week. All 10 Republican members of the Senate Judiciary Committee supported Alito, praising his qualifications and long judicial career. The panel's eight Democrats opposed him, saying he would be too deferential to presidential authority. "

The Lost Tribe of Israel, The Tribe of Dann, BUFO Paranormal and UFO Radio, Mary Sutherland, In Search of Shambhala

The Lost Tribe of Israel, The Tribe of Dann, BUFO Paranormal and UFO Radio, Mary Sutherland, In Search of Shambhala: "The RH NEGATIVE FACTOR KEY is in the HEART of the CELL

Lands connected to the Tribes of Dann can be traced through this blood factor.
.The Rh-Negatives Factor is considered a 'Mutation' of 'Unknown Origin'.
The idea that the Egyptians and Celts wre connect in antiquity and that they spread around the world is not a new idea; it has been noticed by many scholars over the years.

Due to the declassification of ground penetrating radar, data has come forth to show us that huge underground tunnel systems and complexed underground cities existed thousands of years ago right under our feet. Places such as Guatemala in South Americas, tunnels have been mapped under the Mayan pyramid complex at Tikal, which extend a full 800 kilometres to the opposite side of the country. This tunnel system now sheds light on how half a million Mayan Indians escaped the decimation of their culture.

SIRA radar was used in 1978 to map a subterranean compex beneath the Egyptian Pyramids as early as 1978. . At a recent meeting in Australia, one of the key scientists on the Giza project, Dr. Jim Hurtak, showed film footage of work in progress called, CHAMBERS OF THE DEEP, due to be released at the end of the century. As of yet, this footage has never come to light.

The film reveals the discovery of a vast megalithic metropolis, 15,000 years old, reaching several levels below the Giza plateau. While the rest of the Nu-Age speculates about a hidden chamber under the left paw of the Sphinx, the legendary 'City Of The Gods', lays sprawled beneath. Complete with hydraulic underground waterways, the film shows massive chambers, the proportions of our largest cathedrals, with enormous statues, the size of the Valley of the Nile"

Missing Links Discovered in Assyrian Tablets: Study of Assyrian Tables of Israel

Ancestry.com - DNA Analysis Fails to Prove Melungeon Origins

Ancestry.com - DNA Analysis Fails to Prove Melungeon Origins: "DNA Analysis Fails to Prove Melungeon Origins

Who or what are the Melungeons? If you could prove the answer to that question, a lot of people would be interested.
The Melungeons were first discovered in 1654, living in the Appalachian Mountain areas that are part of present-day eastern Tennessee, southwestern Virginia, and western North Carolina. There is some evidence that the Melungeons were established in those areas even before the Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth Rock in 1620. Various researchers have speculated that the Melungeons originated in Portugal or Spain or Turkey or England, or perhaps that they were one of the Lost Tribes of Israel. So far, nobody has been able to prove where these people came from. A just-completed genetic study of some of their 15,000 to 50,000 modern-day descendants failed to find the ethnic origins of these people.
These olive- and copper-skinned people have lived in isolated pockets across Appalachia over the past several centuries. The Melungeons were 'discovered' in 1654 by English explorers and were described as being 'dark-skinned with fine European features.' In April of 1673, James Needham, an Englishman, and Gabriel Arthur, possibly an indentured servant, came to the Tennessee Valley as explorers with approximately eight Indians. There, Needham described finding 'hairy people .... (who) have a bell which is six foot over which they ring morning and evening and at that time a great number of people congregrate togather and talkes' in a language not English nor any Indian dialect that the accompanying Indians knew. Needham also described these people as 'hairy, white people which have long beards and whiskers and weares clothing....' who lived in log cabins with peculiar arched windows. Some of these peoples were also descri"

The Lost Tribe of Dan

The Lost Tribe of Dan: "Samson, a Nazarite of the tribe of Dan, judged Israel during the period of Philistine domination. At the feast celebrating his marriage to a Philistine woman, Samson proposed a riddle to the Philistines: 'Out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness.' Judges 14:14 On the seventh day of the feast, the importunate bride extracted from Samson the interpretation of the riddle and related its meaning to her people, viz., that the carcass of a young lion which Samson had killed with his bare hands had attracted a swarm of bees who produced honey therein. Samson paid the wager by slaying thirty Philistines -- after which his wife was taken from him. Angered by their treachery, Samson avenged himself by slaughtering many more Philistines and eventually the Philistine lords.

Several obscure prophecies in the Bible point to the fact that the tribe of Dan will produce the Antichrist. In the context of these prophecies, Samson's riddle may be a prophecy that the descendants of the tribe of Dan will one day try to destroy the tribe of Judah in jealous revenge for God's judgment on their idolatry. From the carcass of the young lion [Judaism] the tribe of Dan [typified by the bees] will attempt to produce a golden age [symbolized by honey]. To suggest that the Antichrist will be a Jew is likely to incur accusations of 'anti-Semitism' from those who would like to conceal this fact. However, we believe that the Biblical admonition to bless the descendants of Abraham includes exposing the identity of the man of sin who will lead many Jews to their destruction. "

Missing Links Discovered in Assyrian Tablets: Study of Assyrian Tables of Israel

The Diaspora and the Lost Tribes of Israel

Core Melungeon DNA Project

Core Melungeon DNA Project: "Core Melungeon DNA Project:

http://www.jgoins.com/core_melungeon.htm

Note Y chromosomal DNA results so far show European (R1b) and African (E3a) haplogroups.

R1b is the most common haplogroup found in Western Europeans and white Americans.

E3a is the most common haplogroup found among African Americans and West African Bantu-speaking populations.


In other words, the DNA results match the census, tax, and other records of the 18th and 19th centuries, which describe Melungeon ancestors as 'mulatto' and 'free colored'."

Prince Madoc and the White Indians

Prince Madoc and the White Indians: "Was Christopher Columbus the the first white man to discover the new world?

Most of the Historians and scholars today agree that he was not!
We know that Leif Ericson and several other Vikings reached the coastline of North America five hundred years before Columbus. We also know that Leif Ericson was forced to abandon his settlement because a large faction of his landing party were killed by the Indians which the Vikings referred to as 'Scraelings.'

The legend of Prince Madoc and the White Indians is the amazing saga of the Twelfth Century seafarer whose name has become renown in the annals of ancient maritime history. This new book presents the complete untold story of America's first Colony which was founded by Prince Madoc of Wales in 1170 A.D. The information contained in this book could eventually redefine the foundation of American history."

The Welch Indians,: Or, A collection of papers respecting a people whose ancestors emigrated from Wales to America, in the year 1170, with Prince Madoc

Tom Big Warrior: THE TORTURE OF CHIEF IRON THUNDERHORSE

Tom Big Warrior: THE TORTURE OF CHIEF IRON THUNDERHORSE: "THE TORTURE OF CHIEF IRON THUNDERHORSE

by Tom Big Warrior

On June 7th, 2005, ranking officers of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ), at the Polunsky Unit in Livingston, Texas, attacked an elderly and legally blind inmate, Iron Thunderhorse, while he was attempting to go to the chowhall. They knocked the glasses and UV shields from his face and sprayed chemical pepper spray directly in his eyes. They proceeded to spray him all over with the chemical irritant, kicking him and wrenching his crippled arm behind his back.

For weeks, Iron had been denied entry into the chowhall, or any food at all, as the TDCJ was attempting to starve him into complying with an order to submit to a haircut, despite the fact that a federal court had recently upheald that his civil rights were being violated. This was the latest outrage in a struggle that has been going on for almost thirty years.

After being railroaded by the FBI's COINTELPRO program, along with many other dissidents and activists around the country, in the early 70s, Iron went to court to assert his rights as a Native American spiritual practicioner. He got off the bus from jail to prison armed with a court order requiring the TDCJ to respect these rights, including his right to wear long hair. He was met by the warden and a 'goon squad' of inmate 'building tenders' armed with baseball bats and axe handles. The warden tore up Iron's court order and had his 'goons' beat Iron unconscious and then forcibly cut his hair.

Year after year, Iron has suffered repeated beatings and torture, including years in solitary confinement in the sweltering Texas heat. His blindness stems from repeated gassings and being sprayed in the eyes with pepper spray. His body is covered w"

melungeons.com

melungeons.com:
"THE 12 TRIBES OF ISRAEL (IN THE ORDER OF BIRTH) GENESIS 45:9 James 1:1 Acts 26:6-7

1. JUDAH - The Black Americans, & the Sephardim

2. REUBEN-The Black South Americans, & the Melanesian Australian Aborigines
(the Olmecs)

3. SIMEON-The Black Hispanics of the Dominican Republic, Cuba and some in
Brazil (the Yoruba / Zealots)

4. LEVI-The Haitians & the Maroons of the Caribbean Islands
(The Ashanti / Zealots)

5. DAN -The Latin Moors, Gypsies, Black Irish 'Melungeons' & the Garifunas
(the Ancient Danes / Danaans)

6. NAPHTALI-The Chile & Polynesian Islanders
(the Araucanians / Samoans)

7. GAD-The North American & Canadian Indians
(the Apache, Lakota, Seminoles etc.)

8. ASHER-The South American Indians
(the Inca / Amazons)

9. ISSACHAR- The Mexicans, Pueblo & California Indians
(the Aztecs)

10. ZEBULON-The Central American Indians
(the Maya / Cuna)

11. JOSEPH-The Puerto Ricans, Cubans & the Caribbean Indians
(the Arawak / Caribs)

12. BENJAMIN-The Black West Indians & Geechies of the south
(the Black Fulani / Zealots)"

Jmerica - Digital Jewish Life - Jewish Dating, Singles and Networking

Jmerica - Digital Jewish Life - Jewish Dating, Singles and Networking: "January 19, 2006

The Hidden Jews Of New Mexico and Beyond

No time to elaborate today, but the Seattle Times just published this article about DNA testing and how it has revealed an Albquerque reverend to be a descendandant of the Cohanim. The reverend then tested 78 relatives, 30 of whom had the same genetic marker of ancient Jewish priests. Full story. A reader sent this link, the site of Nan Rubin, who broadcasted a series of radio shows about the secret Jewish history of New Mexico. And then there's Donald N. Panther-Yates of Georgia Southern University and Melungeons.com, who published this piece on crypto-Jews in Tennesee, Kentucky and North Carolina, including information on Jewish Native American chiefs (and there were many of them!) It's a crazy long and at times convoluted read (plus some funky html issues), but there's some amazing stuff there. All this should keep all you crypto-philes busy for awhile! *Photo of American pioneer and Jewish Melungian Davey Crockett c/o Melungeons.com.
Canon PowerShot SD430, Pre-Order at WOLFCAMERA.COM


0 comment(s) | Click here to leave a comment "

Coalfield.com

Coalfield.com: "KINGSPORT, TENN. - A new book by Brent Kennedy and Joseph Scolnick Jr. sheds some light on a neglected area of U.S. history - the migration for centuries of Turkish people to America. The book also explores where the Ottoman Empire and Turkey fit in the history and culture of the Melungeon people and their descendants. The authors and their book, 'From Anatolia to Appalachia: A Turkish-American Dialogue,' were featured during last month's Fifth Union Melungeon Gathering held here. There's evidence of a connection between Melungeons, Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, Scolnick says. 'The Melungeons are apparently mixtures of Caucasian, Native Americans, and Blacks, who as well have genetic links to the entire Mediterranean area, plus, in some instances, Anatolia (the heartland of Turkey), the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Northern India,' Scolnick wrote in the book.

'The Turkish-Melungeon relationship exists and will be of interest to many people, if for no other reason than that it records human interactions across centuries and continents,' Scolnick continued.

Kennedy wrote: 'Whatever the final scholarly verdict may be on the origins of these so-called 'mystery people,' a seemingly irreversible association has developed between the various Turkic populations of the world and the Melungeons of Appalachia. This book is an exploration, as opposed to an explanation, of these developing relationships.'

Scolnick is a political science professor at University of Virginia's College at Wise and a noted foreign policy scholar with a longtime interest in the Mediterranean area."

Lost tribe dreams of return to Israel after 2700 years in exile

Lost tribe dreams of return to Israel after 2700 years in exile: "A GROUP of 7,000 Indians who believe that they belong to a fabled �lost tribe� expect to emigrate to Israel after being recognised as descendants of the ancient Israelites.

Sephardic Chief Rabbi Shlomo Amar has acknowledged the status of the Bnei Menashe people and will send a team of rabbinical judges to a remote corner of northeast India, next to Burma, to convert them to Judaism.
The conversions will ensure that the group who claim to be �children of the tribe of Manasseh, a son of Joseph� will be able to emigrate to Israel under the Jewish Law of Return. It will allow them to circumvent an Interior Ministry ban imposed on the Bnei Menashe Indians two years ago.

The International Fellowship of Christians and Jews, a group of evangelical Christians who work for Jewish causes, has already agreed to underwrite the cost of the Orthodox conversions of the Bnei Menashe to facilitate their migration to Israel.
A rabbinical court delegation dispatched by Rabbi Amar last year to assess the Bnei Menashe claim presented its report this week. The Chief Rabbi decided not to recognise Indians from the Mizoram and Manipur regions as Jewish, but did accept evidence of their Jewish descent.

Yoel Ilan, who left Mizoram for Israel before the ban on the Indians was imposed, is delighted for his compatriots but remains cautious. �We�ve no doubt about our Jewishness,� said Mr Ilan, 35, who changed his name from Lalram Chhuana. �At last the Chief Rabbi has accepted us. But the Government may still have a say.�

Most of the two million Chinlung people living in Mizoram and Manipur say they are descendants of one of ten �lost tribes� of Israel exiled 2,700 years ago by the Assyrian conquerors. "

Ancient Hebrew DNA

Fortean Times Message Board :: View topic - Melungeons and Turkish Alabama Indians

Fortean Times Message Board :: View topic - Melungeons and Turkish Alabama Indians: "OK, maybe a bit of a 'notes and queries' thread, but the topic is kind of related to the 'first to discover America' thread so i'll put it here...

I recall reading in FT (maybe 1998/1999?) about the mysterious Melungeons, a group in the American South who included some ancestors of Abe Lincoln, who were obviously not 'white' but had dark skin and Caucasian features, rather like Arabs or Indians (as in Delhi, India). I think they were originally thought to be mixed white/Native American, but the FT article argued that they were descended from both Portuguese and (more unlikely) Turkish or Arabic settlers in America.

These were supposed to have got there (i think) some time between 1400 and 1600 - not sure if it was before Columbus 'officially' discovered America for Catholic Europe (probably later in the case of the Portuguese), but certainly long before the British colonised America.

The article then went on to argue that the language of the Alabama Indians had words in it derived from Turkish, and that oral history in that area described people with a monotheistic religion arriving from the east. I think the word Alabama itself was supposedly derived from 'Allah' (which is of course Arabic not Turkish, but Turks are Muslim) and something meaning 'graveyard'.

Anyone know anything about this? I am particularly intrigued by the idea that Muslim/Ottoman people were in America around the same time as the earliest Europeans, and what their relationships with the Native Americans were (they seem to have integrated themselves with the Alabama to the extent t"

Core Melungeon DNA Project

Core Melungeon DNA Project: "Core Melungeon DNA Project:

http://www.jgoins.com/core_melungeon.htm



Note Y chromosomal DNA results so far show European (R1b) and African (E3a) haplogroups.

R1b is the most common haplogroup found in Western Europeans and white Americans.

E3a is the most common haplogroup found among African Americans and West African Bantu-speaking populations.


In other words, the DNA results match the census, tax, and other records of the 18th and 19th centuries, which describe Melungeon ancestors as 'mulatto' and 'free colored'."
Learn More About DNA

Family Tree DNA

Makah Tribe Official Website

"Welcome to the Official Website of the Makah Tribe. We are located in on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State. Our Reservation is the town of Neah Bay and is the most Northwest point of the continental United States. Just across the Strait of Juan de Fuca you can see Vancouver Island, Canada.

Feel free to log on and explore our little corner of the net. This site is still a work in progress, so check back often and look for updates. We hope you enjoy your visit."

Kennedy Awakens From Coma

Brothers Brent & Richard Kennedy 2004

NMorri3924@aol.com
Date: Fri, 13 Jan 2006 15:49:39 EST
To: Melungeon-L@rootsweb.com
Subject: [Melungeon] Update on Brent

Just received the following:

Brent continues to open his eyes more frequently. For the last two days they have been testing him on a CPAP. For those of you that understand and can spell medical terms, excuse me if I spell them incorrectly (it doesn't show up in my Websters!) With the CPAP, they practice Brent breathing on his own. They still give him oxygen, but he must take the breath.

Yesterday he was on it for two hours, and this afternoon when I spoke to Robyn, he had already been on it for over 3 hours. These are small steps, but still positive steps! Robyn emphasises over and over again how appreciative she is of your constant prayers and in her belief in the power of your prayers.

Please continue keeping Brent in your prayers,

Love

Nancy

Jack Abramoff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jack Abramoff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: "Main articles: Abramoff-Reed Indian Gambling Scandal,

Jack Abramoff testified before the Senate Indian Affairs Committee on September 29, 2004, where he repeatedly refused to answer Senators' questions by 'taking the fifth'.Abramoff and his partner Michael Scanlon are accused of conspiring with Ralph E. Reed, Jr., and Grover Norquist to bilk Indian casino gambling interests out of an estimated $85 million in fees. The lobbyists are accused of orchestrating lobbying against their own clients in order to force them to pay for lobbying services.
In the course of the scheme, the lobbyists are accused of illegally giving gifts and making campaign donations in return for political favors to several politicians. For example:
Senator Conrad Burns (R-Montana) is an alleged recipient of illegal favors and $136,000 in campaign contributions from Abramoff, his firm, and his clients. As the chair of the Interior Subcommittee on Appropriations, Burns received over $136,000 in campaign contributions through Abramoff and then directed $3 million to the Saginaw Chippewa Tribe of Michigan, an Abramoff client and one of the wealthiest tribes in the country from a program intended to help the neediest tribes fix dilapidated schools.
After initially claiming credit for the appropriation, Burns subsequently denied knowledge of it. 'A lot of things happened that I didn't know about. It shouldn't have happened, but it did.'
Although initially refusing to return Abramoff's donations,[27] Burns ultimately said that he would return or give away $150,000 he received from Abramoff and his clients.
"

Indian tribes �hurt� by Abramoff scandal - Politics - MSNBC.com

Indian tribes "hurt" by Abramoff scandal - Politics - MSNBC.com: "WASHINGTON - In their first public comments on the lobbying scandal that has rocked Indian tribes across the country, tribal leaders are expressing 'pain' and 'hurt' as the investigation centered on lobbyist Jack Abramoff unfolds.

At a Western Indian Gaming Conference in Palm Springs, Calif., this week, delegates from dozens of tribes have made public pronouncements about the scandal and privately, according to participants, have been working on a strategy to keep the doors of Congress from shutting on them.

Delegates say Washington lobbying efforts will continue despite the cloud the Abramoff affair has put over their heads."

Miracle: Brent Kennedy No Longer In A Comatose State

Worldwide Prayers Have Been Answered - AMEN!

Update From Melungeon Wayne Winkler:

I just spoke with Richie Kennedy, and there is wonderful news! Brent is now conscious – actually, he’s awake sometimes and sleeping sometimes, but no longer comatose. He is responding to touch in his legs, and responding to sounds and voices. He breathed on his own for seven hours, although he is apparently still getting some supplemental oxygen just to be on the safe side. His eyes are moving and he seems to recognize individuals. He’s still got a long way to go, of course, but now we’re looking at rehabilitation rather than a continuing comatose state. Brent’s family is very grateful for all the prayers, and asks that we all continue to pray for his full recovery.

Wayne Winkler

Vice-president

Melungeon Heritage Association

www.melungeon.org

http://www.melungeon.org/index.cgi&CONTEXT=cat&cat=10083

Alternative News & Information

Alternative News & Information: "American Indians are petitioning Congress to investigate the elite Skull and Bones society at Yale University and return the remains of Chiricahua Apache warrior Geronimo to Apaches for reburial"

Pulse of the Twin Cities - Locally Grown Alternative Newspaper

Pulse of the Twin Cities - Locally Grown Alternative Newspaper: "The �Skull & Bones� is a secret society founded at Yale in 1832. Its history is intertwined with that of the German Illuminati and the Nazi Party. They maintain a windowless building called �The Tomb� at 64 High Street, New Haven, Conn. The club�s assets are controlled by a front company, The Russell Trust Association, Inc. Every year, 15 Yale juniors are �tapped� for Skull & Bones membership. They are indoctrinated into the cultish society with elaborate rituals steeped in satanic theatricism and latent homosexuality. The goal of this fraternity is to create the ultimate network of �good ol� boys� around the world. Their alumni includes Prescott Bush�s son (George H. W.) and grandson (George W.) as well as heads of state and leaders of numerous intelligence agencies, trading companies, business empires and law firms.

Several years ago, a Skull & Bones member anonymously �leaked� information regarding the society and �The Tomb.� This included documents and photographs. One of the documents detailed Prescott Bush�s grave robbing exploits. One of the photographs was of a skull and bridle on a shelf, next to a framed photograph of Geronimo. Other sources have since come forward and confirmed that Geronimo�s skull is indeed on display in �The Tomb� and considered the �mascot� of this �club� on High Street.

Although the Skull & Bones refuses to officially acknowledge their existence, members have tacitly admitted to possessing Geronimo�s head.

In fact, Skull & Bones members (including Jonathan Bush, the President�s brother) met with Apache leaders in New York in 2000 and attempted to hand over a skull. It was obviously not the skull seen in the smuggled photograph. When this apparent substitution was exposed, the �Bonesmen�"

The Seattle Times: Nation & World: Jewish "again": DNA unlocks secrets in New Mexico

The Seattle Times: Nation & World: Jewish "again": DNA unlocks secrets in New Mexico: "Jewish 'again': DNA unlocks secrets in New Mexico
By David Kelly
Los Angeles Times
E-mail this article
Print this article
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ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. � As a boy, the Rev. William Sanchez sensed he was different. His Catholic family spun tops on Christmas, shunned pork and whispered of a past in medieval Spain. If anyone knew the secret, they weren't telling, and Sanchez stopped asking.

Three years ago, after watching a program on genealogy, Sanchez sent for a DNA kit that could help track a person's background through genetic footprinting. He soon got a call from Bennett Greenspan, owner of the Houston-based testing company.

'He said, 'Did you know you were Jewish?' ' Sanchez, 53, recalled. 'He told me I was a Cohanim, a member of the priestly class descended from Aaron, the brother of Moses.' "

RootsWeb: Melungeon-L Geronimo's skull

RootsWeb: Melungeon-L Geronimo's skull: "Dear Friends,

>Unfortunately these acts of desecration are all too typical. Please
sign the petition at the bottom of the article to recover Geronimo's skull from
the Skull & Bones Society at Yale and give it proper burial.

From IndigenousNewsNetwork@topica.com

>SAN CARLOS, Ariz. - American Indians are petitioning Congress to
>investigate the elite Skull and Bones society at Yale University and
>return the remains of Chiricahua Apache warrior Geronimo to Apaches
>for reburial.
>
>The online petition describes the desecration of Geronimo's grave in
>1918 by members of the society, including President George W. Bush's
>grandfather, Sen. Prescott Bush. The men removed Geronimo's head and
>a prized silver bridle, which had been buried with him.
>
>''Using acid and amid laughter, they stripped Geronimo's head of
>hair and flesh. They then took their 'trophies' back to Yale
>University and put them on display in the clubhouse of the secret
>fraternity 'Skull and Bones,''' states the petition.
>
>Outraged American Indian tribal members from across the nation and
>indigenous people from around the world are signing the petition
>with plans to pressure Congress to act.
>
>Apache leaders want Geronimo to be buried, as he requested, in
>tribal lands in the mountains of San Carlos.
>
>''Geronimo left his rifle and peace pipe here when they took him
>away,'' Thompson said. ''When Geronimo was taken from this land, he
>wanted to come back and be buried on San Carlos in the Triplet
>Mountains.''
>
>Skull and Bones admitted to San Carlos Apache leaders almost 20"

HAPPY NEW YEAR

melungeons.com wishes all to have a peaceful New Year!